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Abstract BACKGROUND Fragments of collagen type I containing the epitope AHDGGR (CTX) are generated during bone resorption. The aspartyl-glycine (DG) site within CTX is synthesised in the L-aspartyl peptide (alphaL) form, but converts to the age-modified forms L-isoaspartyl peptide (betaL) and D-aspartyl peptide (alphaD) over time. The purpose of the present study was to test […]

Abstract Upon termination of bone matrix synthesis, osteoblasts either undergo apoptosis or differentiate into osteocytes or bone lining cells. In this study, we investigated the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors in the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes and in osteoblast apoptosis. The mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 and primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts […]

Abstract PURPOSE Breast cancer frequently leads to incurable bone metastasis. Essential requirements for the development of bone metastasis are cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, release of bioactive growth factors and cytokines, and removal of large amounts of bone matrix. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in all of these processes, but the possibility of using […]

Abstract Given the complexity of the biosynthetic machinery and the delicate chemical composition of proteins, it is remarkable that cells manage to produce and maintain normally functioning proteins under most conditions. However, it is now well known that proteins are susceptible to various non-enzymatic covalent modifications (NECM) under physiological conditions. Such modifications can be of […]