Publications

Abstract OBJECTIVES Macrophages possess widespread pro-inflammatory, destructive, and remodelling capabilities that can critically contribute to acute and chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Continuous monitoring and measurement of selective counteraction of macrophage activity in patients require a sensitivity and non-invasive marker. We characterised the VICM (citrullinated and MMP degraded vimentin fragment) biomarker by investigating […]

Abstract Osteoclasts are multi-nucleated cells that have the unique ability to resorb calcified bone matrix. They derive from haematopoietic precursor cells, and can be generated in vitro by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with the cytokines M-CSF and RANKL. In this chapter, we describe the method for generating human osteoclast from peripheral blood or […]

Abstract The osteoclast initiates resorption by creating a resorption lacuna. The ruffled border surrounding the lacunae arises from exocytosis of lysosomes. To dissolve the inorganic phase of the bone, the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase, located in the ruffled border, pumps protons into the resorption lacunae. The electroneutrality of the lacunae is maintained by chloride transport through […]