Collagens are the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the renal stroma. As a result of repeated or persistent impairment of the kidney, the balance between ECM degradation and formation is disturbed, leading to renal fibrosis. There is a great medical need to find patients at risk and identify patients who are more likely to respond to treatment. Impaired turnover of ECM proteins such as collagens leads to renal fibrosis, which is a strong predictor of end-stage renal disease progression. Nordic's Protein Fingerprint technology enables the quantification of protein fragments resulting from ECM turnover directly in serum and/or urine, allowing monitoring of the processes of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis.

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Many diseases affect renal function by attacking the glomeruli. Because biopsy is painful and can lead to complications, diagnostic tools that noninvasively assess tissue status would help with both clinical decisions and selection of patients with active disease or those more likely to respond to treatment. Nordic's Protein Fingerprint technology detects neo-epitopes of relevant extracellular matrix proteins that could provide prognostic enrichment for clinical trials and identification of patients more likely to respond to treatment.

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During disease progression, DKD patients show expansion of the mesangia and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the kidney has been shown to change during disease progression. Nordic's Protein Fingerprint technology enables the quantification of protein fragments generated during ECM turnover directly in serum and/or urine, thereby monitoring the processes of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis. The biomarkers can help distinguish between healthy and DKD patients and are associated with the severity of disease detected. Protein Fingerprint biomarkers measured at disease onset may be prognostic for negative outcomes and predict response to treatment. In addition, longitudinal biomarker assessment may reveal the impact of a given treatment on ECM remodeling.

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Careful evaluation of renal transplant recipients is important for a successful transplant outcome. With advances in treatment, most allografts are no longer lost to acute rejection of the allograft by the kidney transplant recipient, but rather to chronic rejection. There is an urgent need for improved characterization of kidney transplant recipients, as currently neither clinical parameters nor biomarkers are available to accurately predict immediate and long-term renal function after transplantation. Preliminary results suggest that the marker PRO-C6 has the potential to fill this gap.

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