Inflammatory bowel disease, also known as IBD, is a chronic intestinal disease where neutrophils play a crucial role by producing and releasing calprotectin. Fecal calprotectin is a well-established biomarker for IBD, but low patient compliance with fecal sample collection has been a challenge.
To better assist patients, physicians, and clinicians, a blood-based biomarker is needed to accurately quantify true neutrophil and disease activity. Neutrophils are an essential component of the immune system's first line of defense and play a vital role in inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Neutrophils circulate in the body and are directed to the site of tissue injury by chemokines. After activation, neutrophils undergo a process known as NETs, or neutrophil extracellular traps. During this process, activated neutrophils release their DNA in a web-like fashion along with cytoplasmic matter to trap invading microbes.
Calprotectin and human neutrophil elastase are major components of NETs. Calprotectin makes up approximately 60% of the total cytoplasmic proteins of neutrophils, while human neutrophil elastase is one of the primary neutrophilic proteases.
While human neutrophil elastase is an effective antibacterial protease, it can also damage local tissues. Neutrophil elastase degrades not only tissue but also calprotectin into small protein fragments, leading to the formation of CPa9-HNE protein fragments.
The CPa9-HNE fragments are released into circulation and can be accurately quantified using an immunoassay utilizing Nordic Bioscience’s Protein Fingerprint technology. This technology can match biomarker profiling of tissue damage in IBD to other chronic diseases, from a simple blood sample.
The quantification of neutrophil activity can be applied in a clinical setting. The CPa9-HNE immunoassay assesses pharmacodynamics of anti-inflammatory drugs and the effect of antineutrophil activity in IBD and other inflammatory diseases. Nordic Bioscience offers a simple and effective solution for assessing neutrophil activity and tissue damage in IBD and other inflammatory diseases.
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